Federal crimes are prosecuted by U.S. attorneys and fall under the jurisdiction of federal courts, as opposed to state or local courts. These offenses typically violate federal law, occur across state lines, or take place on federal property.
Knowing what qualifies as a federal crime is essential for individuals involved in criminal investigations or charges. Below, we explore the types of crimes that federal courts handle and what makes them distinct.
What Is a Federal Crime?
A federal crime is any illegal act that violates United States federal law as outlined by federal statutes or the U.S. Constitution. These offenses are investigated by federal agencies such as the FBI, DEA, or Secret Service, and prosecuted by U.S. attorneys representing the federal government. Unlike state crimes, federal crimes often involve higher stakes and more severe penalties.
Some crimes qualify as federal because they involve federal property, cross state or international boundaries, or affect federal agencies. Regardless of where they occur, these offenses are treated as matters of national concern, making them subject to federal jurisdiction.
Common Examples of Federal Crimes
Federal crimes encompass a wide range of offenses, from white-collar schemes to violent acts. Below are some of the most common ones:
1. Drug Trafficking and Distribution
Illegal drug activity often becomes a federal matter if it involves transporting substances across state or international borders or if federal agencies are involved in the investigation. Agencies like the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) frequently step in for large-scale operations involving narcotics.
2. Fraud and Financial Crimes
Crimes such as tax evasion, wire fraud, securities fraud, and bank fraud are categorized as federal offenses because they violate federal regulations or involve federally regulated institutions. For instance:
- Tax evasion affects the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
- Wire fraud often uses interstate communication systems.
3. Internet and Cyber Crimes
The rise of technology has given way to federal offenses in cyberspace. Hacking, identity theft, and child pornography are frequently prosecuted at the federal level, especially when the crime crosses state lines or utilizes federally regulated systems like the Internet.
4. Crossing State Lines with Intentions to Commit a Crime
Certain activities, such as kidnapping, human trafficking, or transporting stolen goods, are deemed federal crimes when they occur across state boundaries. This ensures consistent application of the law regardless of the states involved.
5. Crimes Committed on Federal Property
Any illegal act committed on federal property, such as national parks, military bases, or federal buildings, falls under federal jurisdiction. Examples include theft, assault, or vandalism on government grounds.
6. Immigration Offenses
Violations of federal immigration laws, such as smuggling individuals across the U.S. border or re-entering the country after deportation, are also prosecuted as federal crimes.
7. Terrorism and National Security Violations
Acts that threaten U.S. security, such as terrorism, espionage, or treason, are inherently federal matters due to their impact on the nation as a whole. Federal agencies like the FBI, NSA, or Homeland Security investigate these crimes.
8. Weapons Offenses
Illegal possession, trafficking, or use of firearms in violation of federal regulations falls under federal jurisdiction. Examples include selling weapons without a license or using a firearm during the commission of a federal crime.
9. Money Laundering
Money laundering involves concealing the origins of illegally obtained funds. This crime often spans multiple states or countries, making it a prime candidate for federal prosecution.
10. Counterfeiting
Producing counterfeit currency, documents, or goods is a serious federal offense overseen by federal agencies like the Secret Service. These crimes undermine the integrity of the U.S. government and financial systems.
How Are Federal Crimes Investigated and Prosecuted?
Federal crimes are typically investigated by specialized federal agencies. For example:
- FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation): Handles crimes such as terrorism, cybercrime, and organized crime.
- DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration): Leads investigations involving large-scale drug operations.
- ATF (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives): Investigates firearms violations and illegal explosives activities.
Once an investigation is complete, a U.S. attorney prosecutes the case in federal court. Federal court procedures differ significantly from state courts, with harsher penalties often imposed for convictions, including substantial fines and longer prison sentences.
Facing Federal Charges in Georgia? Contact a Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer in Atlanta
If you or a loved one are being investigated for or charged with a federal offense, you cannot afford to leave your defense to chance. Federal cases are complex, and the stakes are remarkably high. Protecting your rights requires a legal team with experience in federal proceedings and a deep understanding of federal law.
At Weintraub and Alper Legal, our experienced attorneys are well-equipped to handle federal cases. Attorney Howard Weintraub is a former federal prosecutor who has spent years protecting the rights, freedoms, and futures of clients facing federal charges. We understand how federal investigators work and will work closely with you to safeguard your future.
Don’t wait to get the help you need when it comes to federal crimes. Contact us at (404) 907-1536 today for a consultation.
